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Europe/Germany : German occupation issues 1914-1918 / Deutsche Besetzungausgaben 1914-1918

 

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HockeyNut
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04 Mar 2020
05:58:45am
The following editions were not stamps of the Kaiserlich Deutsche Post, but the imprint of those of the newly erected, also officially so-called "Landespost" in Romania for the occupied areas. This Landespost was only intended to reduce the civilian population of the occupied area and not to be used by the troops Their area was initially limited to the internal traffic of the occupied area, but was later extended to Germany, the allied countries and neutral countries - In the west and east only the German administrations were considered for the establishment, otherwise in Romania, where All four allied powers in the Oberkommando Mackensen (OKM) and later the Romanian civil administration under German control were involved in the administration.
With the discontinuation of the German postal service, the brands lost their fracture validity in all areas.

Original stamps: The MiNr. 84-95 and 97-102 of the German Empire. (For distinguishing features between P = Platte druck and W = Walzen druck see German Reich Catalog.)

Perforation:
some of the market values different perforations, 26:17 (= A) and 25:17 (= B) perforation holes.

Distinguishing features of the imprint marks:

Colours:
The color classification is based on that of the German Empire, but not always accordingly. There were also color shades that were not available in the Reich.

Imprint:
The imprint shows considerable differences in gloss. A distinction is made between glossy (g), matt (m) and sooty (r) printing.
All imprints come from plates that have been renewed and replaced very often. This has resulted in numerous differences, particularly in the space between the value and currency designation. So z. B. the Markan Belgium MiNr. 14 a printed in the entire sheet with the Zw 1.0 mm (see Fig. 2); the MiNr. 14 c I, on the other hand, now has a tw of 0.8 over the entire arc (see Fig. 1).

For some editions or partial editions, different spaces appear differently in certain fields.- These are referred to n ii of the abbreviation Za. The resulting deviations are then e.g. referred to as 14 a Za 1 (space 0.8 mm instead of 1.0 mm, see Fig. 1) or 14 a Za 2 (see Fig. 3).

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In addition, in Belgium and Romania there are shifts in the lower line compared to the upper line; further literalus Kohl-Stamps-Handbuch.
House order numbers: Each Germania counter sheet (with the exception of Romania MiNr. 8-12) bears the order numbers on the bottom, abbreviated: H (off) -A (order) -N (number), e.g. H 4866.16. The individual values (main catalog number) account for 1 to 10 HAN. They serve as a feature for the approximately 440 editions and partial editions of the print. At the same time, the HAN form a separate collection area.


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04 Mar 2020
06:05:03am
re: German occupation issues 1914-1918 / Deutsche Besetzungausgaben 1914-1918

Landespost in Belgium
(for the General Government of Belgium)
The events initiated the murder of the Austrian heir to the throne Franz Ferdinand on June 28, 1914 in Sarajevo. that led to the 1st Well • war. Germany declared war on France on August 3, 1914. In order to defeat France as quickly as possible, the Schlieflrrrr plan provided for an attack in the north over Belgian territory. On August 4, German troops marched into Australia without declaring war. Most of Belgium and parts of northern France were occupied by the German troops. The Battle of the Marne in front on September 6th and 9th, 1914 ended the German advance and the war changed from the war of movement into the war of position.
The following editions were not stamps of the Kaiserlich Deutsche Post, but were printed by those of the newly established “Kaiserliche Deutsche Post- u. Telegraph administration in Belgium "(PTB). These stamps served the civilian population of the settlement area; the German troops used the field post (mostly postage free, otherwise stamps without overprint).
The area of the PTB was limited to the internal traffic of the occupation area, but was extended to the traffic with Germany, c Inn allied countries and neutral countries. (Different rules for the individual locations!) The area of PTB val 'changed according to the course of the front.
All stamp-editions were valid all the time. They lost their validity with the end of the German postal service on 11.11.1918 (In many places this was the case earlier depending on the location of the front; in a few post offices, however, only a few Tryla after 11.11.1918. In individual cases, the use passes this data.)

Currency: 1 Franc (F) = 100 Centimes (C)

In particular, the low values have really run as whole pieces (cards and letters with censorship stamps, express letters, R letters, postage instructions, parcel cards) to be rated significantly higher, since most of the material occurs as a courtesy and (sometimes indistinct) mass stamping instructions, while Really run whole pieces are far less available than e.g. B. some higher values on letters.

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04 Mar 2020
06:12:38am
re: German occupation issues 1914-1918 / Deutsche Besetzungausgaben 1914-1918

Etappengebiet West

After the transition from the movement war to the position war on the western front, the stage area west was established. It covered the areas between the Western Front and the General Government of Belgium. These areas changed with the changes in the course of the front. The stage area west was divided into different areas and assigned to the appropriate armies for administration. For military reasons (near the front) there was only limited postal traffic for the people living there.

The postal items could be franked with stamps of the General Government in Belgium until December 14, 1916. These stamps with the imprint "Belgium" lost their validity on December 15, 1916.

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During the period from September 8 to October 30, 1914, with the approval of the German Military Administration, the adjacent trademark was issued by the Chamber of Commerce in Valenciennes for the districts of Valenciennes, Le Quesnoy, Solesmes and Cambrai. The cancellation was carried out with the transverse oval stamp of the Chamber of Commerce and a one-line date stamp.

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04 Mar 2020
07:22:13am
re: German occupation issues 1914-1918 / Deutsche Besetzungausgaben 1914-1918

Postgebiet Oberbefehlshaber Ost

With Germany's declaration of war on Russia on August 1, 1914, the military advance in the East also began. In contrast to the west, Irrst did not have any rapid gains in the terrain. During the course of the war, areas were conquered, r1Io, with its greatest expansion in the fall of 1918, roughly encompassed the territories of the present-day states of Estonia and Latvia (formerly Livonia and Courland), Lithuania, Belarus and Ukraine. Gradually, stage administrations in the conquered areas could get nIS. be judged. On November 4, 1915, a central administration was created at the staff of the Commander-in-Chief East, which was to coordinate the administrations of the individual stage administrations. The area now administered has gone down in the history of the Commander-in-Chief East (Ob.Ost).
At first there was in the administrative area Ob. East only a postal traffic in service, army and field post affairs. A post var. there was no return for the civilian population. This was only approved after the establishment of the "German Post and Telegraph Administration in the Prrnl area of the Commander-in-Chief East" on January 15, 1916. As a result, post offices (Pr rnl agencies and post offices) were opened for civil traffic in 83 locations. German brands were used Reich with the two-line overprint "Postgebiet / c Sr Ost". The German troops used postage-paid field mail (e.g. letters over 50 g, postal orders, parcels) stamps of the German Empire without printing.

Literature: Dr. Curt R. Noske: "The postal area Ob. East, its post offices and cancellations "1922; Harry v. Hofmann:" The post office area Ob. Ost on the territory of the later Republic of Latvia 1915-1920 "(2006).

Currency: 1 mark (M) = 100 pfennig (Pf)

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04 Mar 2020
07:34:05am
re: German occupation issues 1914-1918 / Deutsche Besetzungausgaben 1914-1918

Notausgabe Dorpat
The stamps were only valid in the Dorpat district. Most shipments were given a handwritten note "Checked" in red ink at the top right next to the stamp. The censorship note was then checked and affixed, and finally a rubber stamp "DORPAT" was knocked off. After arriving in Riga, postage was paid free of charge with commander-in-chief East stamps for postage and this was canceled with the stamp "Riga" ("c" and "e"), for the first time on March 11, 1918. In addition, there was the Riga censorship stamp. For consignments to Germany there was another censorship with a corresponding note in Königsberg.

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04 Mar 2020
07:34:48am
re: German occupation issues 1914-1918 / Deutsche Besetzungausgaben 1914-1918

Briefvermittelungsstelle Bialystok
According to the order of the commander-in-chief of July 3, 1916, a message exchange between the residents of this area and their relatives abroad was set up in the postal area of the Supreme Command East. For this purpose, questionnaires were created, which contained the address and brief information for the persons sought. The district office handed over the sheets to the agency for transport and provided them with a receipt stamp. In the amount of 25 Pf or 1 M, the postal fee for further processing
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04 Mar 2020
07:35:35am
re: German occupation issues 1914-1918 / Deutsche Besetzungausgaben 1914-1918

Private Verbindings Post Grodno
After the occupation of Grodno on April 26, 1919, the stamps with overprint were originally intended as a supplementary edition for the Polish Post. After being rejected by the Polish field postmaster, the German liaison officer Lt. Bauer used these stamps to deliver the mail of the remaining Reichsdeutsche to Suwalki, where it was connected to the German postal network. For special identification, the additional stamp "V.P./Grodno" (connecting post Grodno) was attached. The cancellation was done by hand with a "B" the first letter from Bauer. The postage for a private letter was 40 groschen, for a business letter 2 Mark

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04 Mar 2020
07:36:01am
re: German occupation issues 1914-1918 / Deutsche Besetzungausgaben 1914-1918

Landesbotenpost of the 10th Army
The area of the Landesboten-post offices of the 10th Army (General of the Infantry of Falkenhayn), which were set up to carry out the civil postal traffic, with the headquarters in Minsk, comprised the Greater Russian territory occupied during the advance in February 1918 between Estonia-Kurland in the north and Ukraine in the South, which also included two smaller areas around Baranowitschi and Nowogrodek, already occupied in 1915.

This civil post was set up according to an order of the Army High Command of the 10th Army on July 19, 1918. The Landesboten-Post could only be used by the residents, not by individual members of the army; the military departments had to send the population free of charge when dealing with the population.

The task of the shipment had to be paid the following fees: For cards in the area of operation a regional fee of 30 Pfg for use in unoccupied Russia, the Ob. - Ost region and Ukraine had to be paid a Reich fee of 10 Pfg. Which was franked with a normal German Germania stamp without imprint. For letters the state fee was 60 Pf and the Reich fee 20 Pf, otherwise as before. For the order in the area of operation, the recipient also raised 20 Pf for a card and 40 Pf for a letter.

The stamps were canceled with Russian stamps ( inkcolors black, violet or blue)

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04 Mar 2020
07:37:39am
re: German occupation issues 1914-1918 / Deutsche Besetzungausgaben 1914-1918

Deutsche Post in Poland
Germany declared war on Russia on August 1, 1914, but initially limited itself to defense in the east. After Russian troops first penetrated East Prussia, a counter-offensive by the German troops took place after the Battle of Tannenberg and at the Masurian Lakes. The conquered northern part of Russian Poland came under German administration, the southern part was administered by Austria.

The following stamps of the "Imperial German Post and Telegraph Administration in the General Government of Warsaw" served the civilian population of the occupied area; the German troops used the field post (mostly postage free, otherwise stamps without overprint).

The supply of mail to the population was very difficult due to the lack of structures and means of transport. For example, the service of the Imperial German Post Office was limited to the postal traffic to the post offices (post agencies and post offices) that were set up in some places: Alexandrowo, Bendzin, Brzeziny, Ciechanow, Ciechocinek, Czenstochau, Deblin, Garwolln, Gombin , Gostynin, Grajewo, Grodzisk, Grojec, Jablonna, Kalisch, Kolno, Kolo, Koluszki, Kanin, Kutno, Lapy, Lenczyca, Lipno, Lodt, Lomza, Lowicz, Lukow, Makow, Malkin, Mazowieck (later Wysokie-Mazowieckie), Minsk -Mazowiecki (formerly Novo Minsk), Mlawa, Mod-Iin (formerly Novo-Georgiewsk), Nasielsk, Novo-Georgiewsk (later Modlin), Novo-Minsk (later Minsk-Mazowiecki), Osowiec, Ostrolenke, Ostrow (Gouv. Lomza) , Ozorkow, Pabianice, Peisern, Plock, Plonsk, Przasnysz, Pultusk, Radzymin, Rawa, Rembertow, Rozan, Rypiri, Siedlce, Sieradz, Sierpc, Skierniewice, Slupca, Sochaczew, Sokolow, Sosnowice, Szczzczzyn, Tomaszczczyn, Tomaszcz ), Turek, Warsaw, Wengrow, Wielun, Wloclawek, Wysokie-Mazowieckie (formerly Mazow iecki), Wyszkow, Wyszogrod, Zambrowo, Zawiercie, Zdunska Wola, Zegrze, Zgierz, Zyrardow.

All post offices mediated the field mail traffic. The post offices intended only for the field mail traffic (Jablonna, Koluszki, Lapy, Novo-Georgiewsk - later Modlin, Osowiec, Rembertow, Warsaw 2, Zegrze) also brokered parcel, postal order and postal traffic for the population, provided that they have access the postal service rooms were permitted according to their location. The rest of the public postal traffic (letters and postcards) through the field post offices was prohibited. For Deblin, due to the agreements with the Austrian / Hungarian Army Command (Military General Government of Lublin), postal traffic of the civilian population in any Farin was excluded. In some places there were postal support offices that used their own stamps to identify the postal items. The stamps were usually canceled at the responsible post office.

The mail usually had to be picked up at the post office. For the rural population, the mayors and local servants were mostly involved in the postal traffic. These picked up the items at the post office and took care of the distribution, t. T. for a fee. In larger cities, city posts took over the distribution (see local post and city post Warsaw)

Currency: 1 mark (M) = 100 pfennig (Pf)

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04 Mar 2020
09:19:50am
re: German occupation issues 1914-1918 / Deutsche Besetzungausgaben 1914-1918

Lokalpost
(non-German order items in Poland during the German occupation)

The German Reichspostanstalten, as mentioned at the beginning, only transported mail to the corresponding post offices. With the approval or tolerance of the German occupation authorities, local Polish authorities set up order services for delivery to the recipient, which caused delivery against payment of a fee (order fee). In larger cities, city post offices (e.g. Czenstochau, Warsaw) were set up or municipal agencies (fire brigade in Lodz) were entrusted with the delivery of the postal items. The order money paid for this was verified by special stamps (Otwock, Soenowice, Warsaw, Zawiercie) or stamps (Alexandrowo, Bendzin, Czenstochau, Kolo, Lodz, Mlawa, Otwock, Pruszkow, Tomaszow, Mazowiecki, Wloclawek, Wyzokie Mazowieckie).

Literature: For detailed cataloging, see Stefan Petriuk "The city post offices in occupied Poland 1915-1918".

Currency: 1 Grosz (Gr) = 1 Fenig = 0,5 Kopeke; 100 groszy = 1 zloty

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04 Mar 2020
09:20:19am
re: German occupation issues 1914-1918 / Deutsche Besetzungausgaben 1914-1918

Warsaw City Post Office
The citizens' committee of the capital Warsaw

In agreement with the German postal authority, set up a delivery service from the German postal service to the recipients of ordinary items residing in the city. Registered mail, money shipments and parcels, on the other hand, had to be picked up personally from the German post office upon request by postcard, which was also requested by Stadt-post and was subject to delivery charges.

The order service, which was recorded on September 23, 1915 at 5 p.m. in Mazowiecka Str. 7, expanded to regular city mail service on October 21, 1915. On October 21, 1915, the German authorities granted the city post office permission to also deliver items that were posted within Warsaw. Letters with MiNr. 1-4, which have already run within Warsaw before this date, are very rare (letter 500 euro). These documents bear dates between 23.9. and October 20, 1915; the frame stamp "WRECZENIE OPLACONE" is missing. However, the shipments within the city also had to be delivered to the German post office and released with the occupation stamps (MiNr. 1-16) before they were handed over to the Warsaw city post office for forwarding. The procedure of Pick-up of registered and cash items remained.

Since October 21, 1915, the consignments whose order money had been paid in advance (sometimes also in stamps) had been given the frame stamp "WRECZENIE OPLACONE" (delivery paid). Letters 200% surcharge (at least 8, -).

In October 1916 the city postage stamps were suspended; since October 20, 1916, only delivery fee stamps were left

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04 Mar 2020
09:20:41am
re: German occupation issues 1914-1918 / Deutsche Besetzungausgaben 1914-1918

Military administration in Romania
At the beginning of World War I, Romania declared neutrality; on August 27, 1916, negotiations with the Allies led to a declaration of war on Austria. After initial successes of the Romanian army, Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria and Turkey managed to conquer important parts of Romania together. The military administration of the occupied territory was to be uniformly German, the economic exploitation after the formation of a committee made up of representatives of the four occupying powers.

On June 1, 1917, the military administration in Romania (M.V.i.R.) opened the postal service for the civilian population in the 14 districts under its administration. The mail items had to be franked with the Germania stamps of the German Reich that had been overprinted specifically for this purpose. The regional postal service in the 4 districts under the administration of the 9th Army was opened on March 1st, 1918. Until the delivery to the opened post offices with the stamps valid for the entire region with the imprint "Romania" and the national currency in Bani, Germania stamps with the frame imprint "Valid / 9th Army" had to be used temporarily. The field post offices of the German, Austro-Hungarian, Bulgarian and Turkish army with their own field post regulations were responsible for the traffic of the occupation troops.

Currency: 1 Leu (L) = 100 Bani (B)

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HockeyNut

04 Mar 2020
05:58:45am

The following editions were not stamps of the Kaiserlich Deutsche Post, but the imprint of those of the newly erected, also officially so-called "Landespost" in Romania for the occupied areas. This Landespost was only intended to reduce the civilian population of the occupied area and not to be used by the troops Their area was initially limited to the internal traffic of the occupied area, but was later extended to Germany, the allied countries and neutral countries - In the west and east only the German administrations were considered for the establishment, otherwise in Romania, where All four allied powers in the Oberkommando Mackensen (OKM) and later the Romanian civil administration under German control were involved in the administration.
With the discontinuation of the German postal service, the brands lost their fracture validity in all areas.

Original stamps: The MiNr. 84-95 and 97-102 of the German Empire. (For distinguishing features between P = Platte druck and W = Walzen druck see German Reich Catalog.)

Perforation:
some of the market values different perforations, 26:17 (= A) and 25:17 (= B) perforation holes.

Distinguishing features of the imprint marks:

Colours:
The color classification is based on that of the German Empire, but not always accordingly. There were also color shades that were not available in the Reich.

Imprint:
The imprint shows considerable differences in gloss. A distinction is made between glossy (g), matt (m) and sooty (r) printing.
All imprints come from plates that have been renewed and replaced very often. This has resulted in numerous differences, particularly in the space between the value and currency designation. So z. B. the Markan Belgium MiNr. 14 a printed in the entire sheet with the Zw 1.0 mm (see Fig. 2); the MiNr. 14 c I, on the other hand, now has a tw of 0.8 over the entire arc (see Fig. 1).

For some editions or partial editions, different spaces appear differently in certain fields.- These are referred to n ii of the abbreviation Za. The resulting deviations are then e.g. referred to as 14 a Za 1 (space 0.8 mm instead of 1.0 mm, see Fig. 1) or 14 a Za 2 (see Fig. 3).

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In addition, in Belgium and Romania there are shifts in the lower line compared to the upper line; further literalus Kohl-Stamps-Handbuch.
House order numbers: Each Germania counter sheet (with the exception of Romania MiNr. 8-12) bears the order numbers on the bottom, abbreviated: H (off) -A (order) -N (number), e.g. H 4866.16. The individual values (main catalog number) account for 1 to 10 HAN. They serve as a feature for the approximately 440 editions and partial editions of the print. At the same time, the HAN form a separate collection area.


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HockeyNut

04 Mar 2020
06:05:03am

re: German occupation issues 1914-1918 / Deutsche Besetzungausgaben 1914-1918

Landespost in Belgium
(for the General Government of Belgium)
The events initiated the murder of the Austrian heir to the throne Franz Ferdinand on June 28, 1914 in Sarajevo. that led to the 1st Well • war. Germany declared war on France on August 3, 1914. In order to defeat France as quickly as possible, the Schlieflrrrr plan provided for an attack in the north over Belgian territory. On August 4, German troops marched into Australia without declaring war. Most of Belgium and parts of northern France were occupied by the German troops. The Battle of the Marne in front on September 6th and 9th, 1914 ended the German advance and the war changed from the war of movement into the war of position.
The following editions were not stamps of the Kaiserlich Deutsche Post, but were printed by those of the newly established “Kaiserliche Deutsche Post- u. Telegraph administration in Belgium "(PTB). These stamps served the civilian population of the settlement area; the German troops used the field post (mostly postage free, otherwise stamps without overprint).
The area of the PTB was limited to the internal traffic of the occupation area, but was extended to the traffic with Germany, c Inn allied countries and neutral countries. (Different rules for the individual locations!) The area of PTB val 'changed according to the course of the front.
All stamp-editions were valid all the time. They lost their validity with the end of the German postal service on 11.11.1918 (In many places this was the case earlier depending on the location of the front; in a few post offices, however, only a few Tryla after 11.11.1918. In individual cases, the use passes this data.)

Currency: 1 Franc (F) = 100 Centimes (C)

In particular, the low values have really run as whole pieces (cards and letters with censorship stamps, express letters, R letters, postage instructions, parcel cards) to be rated significantly higher, since most of the material occurs as a courtesy and (sometimes indistinct) mass stamping instructions, while Really run whole pieces are far less available than e.g. B. some higher values on letters.

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HockeyNut

04 Mar 2020
06:12:38am

re: German occupation issues 1914-1918 / Deutsche Besetzungausgaben 1914-1918

Etappengebiet West

After the transition from the movement war to the position war on the western front, the stage area west was established. It covered the areas between the Western Front and the General Government of Belgium. These areas changed with the changes in the course of the front. The stage area west was divided into different areas and assigned to the appropriate armies for administration. For military reasons (near the front) there was only limited postal traffic for the people living there.

The postal items could be franked with stamps of the General Government in Belgium until December 14, 1916. These stamps with the imprint "Belgium" lost their validity on December 15, 1916.

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During the period from September 8 to October 30, 1914, with the approval of the German Military Administration, the adjacent trademark was issued by the Chamber of Commerce in Valenciennes for the districts of Valenciennes, Le Quesnoy, Solesmes and Cambrai. The cancellation was carried out with the transverse oval stamp of the Chamber of Commerce and a one-line date stamp.

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04 Mar 2020
07:22:13am

re: German occupation issues 1914-1918 / Deutsche Besetzungausgaben 1914-1918

Postgebiet Oberbefehlshaber Ost

With Germany's declaration of war on Russia on August 1, 1914, the military advance in the East also began. In contrast to the west, Irrst did not have any rapid gains in the terrain. During the course of the war, areas were conquered, r1Io, with its greatest expansion in the fall of 1918, roughly encompassed the territories of the present-day states of Estonia and Latvia (formerly Livonia and Courland), Lithuania, Belarus and Ukraine. Gradually, stage administrations in the conquered areas could get nIS. be judged. On November 4, 1915, a central administration was created at the staff of the Commander-in-Chief East, which was to coordinate the administrations of the individual stage administrations. The area now administered has gone down in the history of the Commander-in-Chief East (Ob.Ost).
At first there was in the administrative area Ob. East only a postal traffic in service, army and field post affairs. A post var. there was no return for the civilian population. This was only approved after the establishment of the "German Post and Telegraph Administration in the Prrnl area of the Commander-in-Chief East" on January 15, 1916. As a result, post offices (Pr rnl agencies and post offices) were opened for civil traffic in 83 locations. German brands were used Reich with the two-line overprint "Postgebiet / c Sr Ost". The German troops used postage-paid field mail (e.g. letters over 50 g, postal orders, parcels) stamps of the German Empire without printing.

Literature: Dr. Curt R. Noske: "The postal area Ob. East, its post offices and cancellations "1922; Harry v. Hofmann:" The post office area Ob. Ost on the territory of the later Republic of Latvia 1915-1920 "(2006).

Currency: 1 mark (M) = 100 pfennig (Pf)

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04 Mar 2020
07:34:05am

re: German occupation issues 1914-1918 / Deutsche Besetzungausgaben 1914-1918

Notausgabe Dorpat
The stamps were only valid in the Dorpat district. Most shipments were given a handwritten note "Checked" in red ink at the top right next to the stamp. The censorship note was then checked and affixed, and finally a rubber stamp "DORPAT" was knocked off. After arriving in Riga, postage was paid free of charge with commander-in-chief East stamps for postage and this was canceled with the stamp "Riga" ("c" and "e"), for the first time on March 11, 1918. In addition, there was the Riga censorship stamp. For consignments to Germany there was another censorship with a corresponding note in Königsberg.

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04 Mar 2020
07:34:48am

re: German occupation issues 1914-1918 / Deutsche Besetzungausgaben 1914-1918

Briefvermittelungsstelle Bialystok
According to the order of the commander-in-chief of July 3, 1916, a message exchange between the residents of this area and their relatives abroad was set up in the postal area of the Supreme Command East. For this purpose, questionnaires were created, which contained the address and brief information for the persons sought. The district office handed over the sheets to the agency for transport and provided them with a receipt stamp. In the amount of 25 Pf or 1 M, the postal fee for further processing
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04 Mar 2020
07:35:35am

re: German occupation issues 1914-1918 / Deutsche Besetzungausgaben 1914-1918

Private Verbindings Post Grodno
After the occupation of Grodno on April 26, 1919, the stamps with overprint were originally intended as a supplementary edition for the Polish Post. After being rejected by the Polish field postmaster, the German liaison officer Lt. Bauer used these stamps to deliver the mail of the remaining Reichsdeutsche to Suwalki, where it was connected to the German postal network. For special identification, the additional stamp "V.P./Grodno" (connecting post Grodno) was attached. The cancellation was done by hand with a "B" the first letter from Bauer. The postage for a private letter was 40 groschen, for a business letter 2 Mark

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04 Mar 2020
07:36:01am

re: German occupation issues 1914-1918 / Deutsche Besetzungausgaben 1914-1918

Landesbotenpost of the 10th Army
The area of the Landesboten-post offices of the 10th Army (General of the Infantry of Falkenhayn), which were set up to carry out the civil postal traffic, with the headquarters in Minsk, comprised the Greater Russian territory occupied during the advance in February 1918 between Estonia-Kurland in the north and Ukraine in the South, which also included two smaller areas around Baranowitschi and Nowogrodek, already occupied in 1915.

This civil post was set up according to an order of the Army High Command of the 10th Army on July 19, 1918. The Landesboten-Post could only be used by the residents, not by individual members of the army; the military departments had to send the population free of charge when dealing with the population.

The task of the shipment had to be paid the following fees: For cards in the area of operation a regional fee of 30 Pfg for use in unoccupied Russia, the Ob. - Ost region and Ukraine had to be paid a Reich fee of 10 Pfg. Which was franked with a normal German Germania stamp without imprint. For letters the state fee was 60 Pf and the Reich fee 20 Pf, otherwise as before. For the order in the area of operation, the recipient also raised 20 Pf for a card and 40 Pf for a letter.

The stamps were canceled with Russian stamps ( inkcolors black, violet or blue)

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HockeyNut

04 Mar 2020
07:37:39am

re: German occupation issues 1914-1918 / Deutsche Besetzungausgaben 1914-1918

Deutsche Post in Poland
Germany declared war on Russia on August 1, 1914, but initially limited itself to defense in the east. After Russian troops first penetrated East Prussia, a counter-offensive by the German troops took place after the Battle of Tannenberg and at the Masurian Lakes. The conquered northern part of Russian Poland came under German administration, the southern part was administered by Austria.

The following stamps of the "Imperial German Post and Telegraph Administration in the General Government of Warsaw" served the civilian population of the occupied area; the German troops used the field post (mostly postage free, otherwise stamps without overprint).

The supply of mail to the population was very difficult due to the lack of structures and means of transport. For example, the service of the Imperial German Post Office was limited to the postal traffic to the post offices (post agencies and post offices) that were set up in some places: Alexandrowo, Bendzin, Brzeziny, Ciechanow, Ciechocinek, Czenstochau, Deblin, Garwolln, Gombin , Gostynin, Grajewo, Grodzisk, Grojec, Jablonna, Kalisch, Kolno, Kolo, Koluszki, Kanin, Kutno, Lapy, Lenczyca, Lipno, Lodt, Lomza, Lowicz, Lukow, Makow, Malkin, Mazowieck (later Wysokie-Mazowieckie), Minsk -Mazowiecki (formerly Novo Minsk), Mlawa, Mod-Iin (formerly Novo-Georgiewsk), Nasielsk, Novo-Georgiewsk (later Modlin), Novo-Minsk (later Minsk-Mazowiecki), Osowiec, Ostrolenke, Ostrow (Gouv. Lomza) , Ozorkow, Pabianice, Peisern, Plock, Plonsk, Przasnysz, Pultusk, Radzymin, Rawa, Rembertow, Rozan, Rypiri, Siedlce, Sieradz, Sierpc, Skierniewice, Slupca, Sochaczew, Sokolow, Sosnowice, Szczzczzyn, Tomaszczczyn, Tomaszcz ), Turek, Warsaw, Wengrow, Wielun, Wloclawek, Wysokie-Mazowieckie (formerly Mazow iecki), Wyszkow, Wyszogrod, Zambrowo, Zawiercie, Zdunska Wola, Zegrze, Zgierz, Zyrardow.

All post offices mediated the field mail traffic. The post offices intended only for the field mail traffic (Jablonna, Koluszki, Lapy, Novo-Georgiewsk - later Modlin, Osowiec, Rembertow, Warsaw 2, Zegrze) also brokered parcel, postal order and postal traffic for the population, provided that they have access the postal service rooms were permitted according to their location. The rest of the public postal traffic (letters and postcards) through the field post offices was prohibited. For Deblin, due to the agreements with the Austrian / Hungarian Army Command (Military General Government of Lublin), postal traffic of the civilian population in any Farin was excluded. In some places there were postal support offices that used their own stamps to identify the postal items. The stamps were usually canceled at the responsible post office.

The mail usually had to be picked up at the post office. For the rural population, the mayors and local servants were mostly involved in the postal traffic. These picked up the items at the post office and took care of the distribution, t. T. for a fee. In larger cities, city posts took over the distribution (see local post and city post Warsaw)

Currency: 1 mark (M) = 100 pfennig (Pf)

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04 Mar 2020
09:19:50am

re: German occupation issues 1914-1918 / Deutsche Besetzungausgaben 1914-1918

Lokalpost
(non-German order items in Poland during the German occupation)

The German Reichspostanstalten, as mentioned at the beginning, only transported mail to the corresponding post offices. With the approval or tolerance of the German occupation authorities, local Polish authorities set up order services for delivery to the recipient, which caused delivery against payment of a fee (order fee). In larger cities, city post offices (e.g. Czenstochau, Warsaw) were set up or municipal agencies (fire brigade in Lodz) were entrusted with the delivery of the postal items. The order money paid for this was verified by special stamps (Otwock, Soenowice, Warsaw, Zawiercie) or stamps (Alexandrowo, Bendzin, Czenstochau, Kolo, Lodz, Mlawa, Otwock, Pruszkow, Tomaszow, Mazowiecki, Wloclawek, Wyzokie Mazowieckie).

Literature: For detailed cataloging, see Stefan Petriuk "The city post offices in occupied Poland 1915-1918".

Currency: 1 Grosz (Gr) = 1 Fenig = 0,5 Kopeke; 100 groszy = 1 zloty

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04 Mar 2020
09:20:19am

re: German occupation issues 1914-1918 / Deutsche Besetzungausgaben 1914-1918

Warsaw City Post Office
The citizens' committee of the capital Warsaw

In agreement with the German postal authority, set up a delivery service from the German postal service to the recipients of ordinary items residing in the city. Registered mail, money shipments and parcels, on the other hand, had to be picked up personally from the German post office upon request by postcard, which was also requested by Stadt-post and was subject to delivery charges.

The order service, which was recorded on September 23, 1915 at 5 p.m. in Mazowiecka Str. 7, expanded to regular city mail service on October 21, 1915. On October 21, 1915, the German authorities granted the city post office permission to also deliver items that were posted within Warsaw. Letters with MiNr. 1-4, which have already run within Warsaw before this date, are very rare (letter 500 euro). These documents bear dates between 23.9. and October 20, 1915; the frame stamp "WRECZENIE OPLACONE" is missing. However, the shipments within the city also had to be delivered to the German post office and released with the occupation stamps (MiNr. 1-16) before they were handed over to the Warsaw city post office for forwarding. The procedure of Pick-up of registered and cash items remained.

Since October 21, 1915, the consignments whose order money had been paid in advance (sometimes also in stamps) had been given the frame stamp "WRECZENIE OPLACONE" (delivery paid). Letters 200% surcharge (at least 8, -).

In October 1916 the city postage stamps were suspended; since October 20, 1916, only delivery fee stamps were left

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04 Mar 2020
09:20:41am

re: German occupation issues 1914-1918 / Deutsche Besetzungausgaben 1914-1918

Military administration in Romania
At the beginning of World War I, Romania declared neutrality; on August 27, 1916, negotiations with the Allies led to a declaration of war on Austria. After initial successes of the Romanian army, Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria and Turkey managed to conquer important parts of Romania together. The military administration of the occupied territory was to be uniformly German, the economic exploitation after the formation of a committee made up of representatives of the four occupying powers.

On June 1, 1917, the military administration in Romania (M.V.i.R.) opened the postal service for the civilian population in the 14 districts under its administration. The mail items had to be franked with the Germania stamps of the German Reich that had been overprinted specifically for this purpose. The regional postal service in the 4 districts under the administration of the 9th Army was opened on March 1st, 1918. Until the delivery to the opened post offices with the stamps valid for the entire region with the imprint "Romania" and the national currency in Bani, Germania stamps with the frame imprint "Valid / 9th Army" had to be used temporarily. The field post offices of the German, Austro-Hungarian, Bulgarian and Turkish army with their own field post regulations were responsible for the traffic of the occupation troops.

Currency: 1 Leu (L) = 100 Bani (B)

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